# Java: JFileChooser

Use `javax.swing.JFileChooser` to create a file chooser for selecting a file or directory to open or save.

## To Create an Open File Chooser

The code below creates a window with an Open... menu item, whose listener pops up a JFileChooser dialog.

The JFileChooser dialog box looks like the following.

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    // File   : gui/containers/dialogs/filechooser/CountWords.java
    // Purpose: Counts words in file.
    //          Illustrates menus, JFileChooser, Scanner..
    // Author : Fred Swartz - 2006-10-10 - Placed in public domain.

    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.util.*;

    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// CountWords
    public class CountWords extends JFrame {

        //====================================================== fields
        JTextField   _fileNameTF  = new JTextField(15);
        JTextField   _wordCountTF = new JTextField(4);
        JFileChooser _fileChooser = new JFileChooser();

        //================================================= constructor
        CountWords() {
            //... Create / set component characteristics.
            _fileNameTF.setEditable(false);
            _wordCountTF.setEditable(false);

            //... Add listeners

            //... Create content pane, layout components
            JPanel content = new JPanel();
            content.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            content.add(new JLabel("File:"));
            content.add(_fileNameTF);
            content.add(new JLabel("Word Count:"));
            content.add(_wordCountTF);

            //... Create menu elements (menubar, menu, menu item)
            JMenuBar menubar  = new JMenuBar();
            JMenu    fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
            JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open...");
            openItem.addActionListener(new OpenAction());

            //... Assemble the menu
            menubar.add(fileMenu);
            fileMenu.add(openItem);

            //... Set window characteristics
            this.setJMenuBar(menubar);
            this.setContentPane(content);
            this.setTitle("Count Words");
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            this.pack();                      // Layout components.
            this.setLocationRelativeTo(null); // Center window.
        }

        //============================================= countWordsInFile
        private int countWordsInFile(File f) {

            int numberOfWords = 0;  // Count of words.

            try {
                Scanner in = new Scanner(f);

                while (in.hasNext()) {
                    String word = in.next();  // Read a "token".
                    numberOfWords++;
                }
                in.close();        // Close Scanner's file.

            } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfex) {
                // ... We just got the file from the JFileChooser,
                //     so it's hard to believe there's problem, but...
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(CountWords.this,
                            fnfex.getMessage());
            }
            return numberOfWords;
        }

        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// OpenAction
        class OpenAction implements ActionListener {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
                //... Open a file dialog.
                int retval = _fileChooser.showOpenDialog(CountWords.this);
                if (retval == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
                    //... The user selected a file, get it, use it.
                    File file = _fileChooser.getSelectedFile();

                    //... Update user interface.
                    _fileNameTF.setText(file.getName());
                    _wordCountTF.setText("" + countWordsInFile(file));
                }
            }
        }

        //========================================================= main
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            JFrame window = new CountWords();
            window.setVisible(true);
        }
    }

## To display a file chooser

Use one of three methods to display the dialog after it has been created.

       r = fc.showOpenDialog(owner); // button labeled "Open"
       r = fc.showSaveDialog(owner); // button labeled "Save"
       r = fc.showDialog(owner, title);

The owner parameter is the component (eg, JFrame, JPanel, ...) over which the dialog should be centered. You can use `null` for the owner, which will put the dialog in the center of the screen. To get the enclosing class's instance, as in this example, write the enclosing class name followed by ".this". The title parameter is a string that is used as the dialog's title and accept button text.

## Checking the return value

The user may either select a file or directory, or click CANCEL or close the file chooser window. If the user selected a file or directory, the value returned will be `JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION`. Always check this value. For example,

    int retval = fc.showOpenDialog(null);
    if (retval == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
        . . . // The user did select a file.;

## Getting the selected file or directory

After checking for `JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION`, the `File` value of the selection is returned from a call on `getSelectedFile`.

    int retval = fc.showOpenDialog(null);
    if (retval == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
        File myFile = fc.getSelectedFile();
        // DO YOUR PROCESSING HERE. OPEN FILE OR ...
    }

## Why a file chooser is often an instance variable

Altho a new file chooser can be created inside a listener, there are advantages to creating it once outside and reusing it.

- A file chooser remembers the directory that was last used so any reuse opens in the same directory.
- It is also more efficient since it is created only once and customizations only have to be done once. This increases the response speed.

## Files, directories, or both

By default a file chooser allows the user to select only files. To allow selection of either files or directories, or only directories, use one of the following calls.

       fc.setFileSelectionMode(JFileChooser.FILES_ONLY);   // default
       fc.setFileSelectionMode(JFileChooser.DIRECTORIES_ONLY);
       fc.setFileSelectionMode(JFileChooser.FILES_AND_DIRECTORIES);

## Filtering files

You can specify the kinds of files that should be shown (eg, with a specific extension, ...), by supplying a `JFileFilter`.

      myChooser.setFileFilter(FileFilter filter);

See FileFilter. [NEEDS MORE WORK]

## Specify a start directory in the constructor

The file chooser will start the file dialog at some default directory, for example, "`C:\My Documents`". To start the dialog at a different directory (called the current directory), specify the directory path as a `String` or `File` value in the `JFileChooser` constructor.

    JFileChooser m_fileChooser = new JFileChooser("C:\home");

The current directory is ".".

Portability warning: If you put system specific file paths in your code, the program will not be portable to other systems. Note that the above call is therefore not portable.